Sharía

Islamic Laws are made up of Shari'ah ('‎شريعة Šarīʿah) and Islamic jurisprudence (فقه‎ Fiqh). Shari'ah is seen as sacred and constitutes the Qur'an and Muhammad's Sunnah (way), which is found in the Hadith and Sira. Islamic jurisprudence is a complimentary expansion of the former by Islamic jurists.

Shari'ah

Shari'ah not only governs public life, but also many facets of ones personal life. It has laws covering Muslim interactions with non-Muslims, sexuality, food, rituals, leisure activities, dress, hygiene etc. This is due to Muhammad's pivotal role in both the practice of Islam and the formation of Islamic law. He is considered by all Muslims, in Islamic theology, as the uswa hasana (perfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from one another.

Shari'ah and Human Rights

Many respected bodies, including the European Court of Human Rights, have concluded that Shari'ah is incompatible with accepted modern standards of human rights.

This is of no surprise when you consider that Islamic laws on human rights (and their laws in general) are based on the views and actions of a 7^th century warrior 'prophet.' While other systems of law have adapted and changed with the passage of time, Shari'ah has not. Some may assume that Islamic thought simply has not reached enlightenment yet, and like other religious bodies will eventually adapt to the modern world. This is a naive and ignorant assumption which fails to appreciate the dogma of the Islamic faith, and therefore fails to recognize the impossibility of the trend ever taking hold in Islam. Reform is not possible under Islamic law. To reform it, would be to destroy it and Islam along with it. Shari'ah (consisting of the Qur'an and Sunnah) are seen as Allah's unalterable holy laws. To attempt to change it would be considered blasphemous, as it constitutes Bid'ah, something which was forbidden by Muhammad himself. What can be altered is Islamic jurisprudence, but as that is extracted from, and cannot contradict, Shari'ah, the result will always be unacceptable to the modern world. Muslim scholars agree. The following is an excerpt taken from a fatwa in objection to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Also, in 1981 the Iranian representative to the United Nations declared that "the Universal Declaration of Human Rights represented a secular interpretation of the Judeo-Christian tradition, which could not be implemented by Muslims." Due to this unavoidable conflict between Islamic and Western notions of human rights, in 1990, the OIC (Organisation of the Islamic Conference) who represent all 57 Muslim majority nations, created the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, using Islamic scripture as its sole source. This declaration has been severely criticized by many, including; the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU), the Association for World Education (AWE) and the Association of World Citizens (AWC) for its incompatibility with human rights, women's rights, religious freedom and freedom of expression, by "imposing restrictions on nearly every human right based on Islamic Sharia law." Furthermore, according to the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ):

Separation of 'Church' and State

It is a generally accepted fact among Muslims, that there is no concept of "separation of 'Church' and State" in the Islam faith. We have already touched upon why Shari'ah is inseparable from the public and the personal aspects of practising Islam, so once again, we need to look to the example set forth by Muhammad. Islam, unlike many other faiths, was a theocracy from its very beginning. As the founder and Head of the first Islamic state, Muhammad most certainly did not believe in the concept of rendering unto Caesar what is Caesar's, and this is reflected in Muslim thought. The results of a survey released in November of 2009 found a massive 67 percent of Turks said 'they would continue acting in accordance with their religious beliefs if the Parliament passed a law that contradicted religious laws.' and only 'Twenty-six percent said they would obey the country’s law in this case'. As is evident; even in 'moderate' 'secular' nations like Turkey, we find that the majority of its population (in accordance with Snið:Bukhari) refuse to accept the authority of its government when they deem its man-made laws contrary to that which is prescribed in the Shari'ah.

Indeed. To add to the words by the respected scholar; we see in the United Kingdom, which only has a Muslim population of 2 to 3%, there have already been demands (in October, 2009) to install full Shari'ah as its default law system, and a recent 2009 survey by The Equalities and Human Rights Commission revealed that a massive 44% of Muslims in the UK want to create their own communities and remain segregated from British society. Also in Kenya, while Muslims currently constitute only 10% of the total population, in August 2009 they began pushing for Shari'ah law to become a part of the Kenyan Constitution. At the moment (like in the UK) there are Shari'ah courts, but they hold little power and only apply to Muslims. The Christian majority are concerned that if Muslims succeed, the persecution of non-Muslims in Kenya will only intensify.

Spread of Shari'ah is Obligatory

This demand for (and the spread of) Shari'ah is obligatory. Jihad is often employed to force governments into implementing Shari'ah on Muslims and non-Muslims alike, thus expanding the Dar al-Islam ('house/domain of Islam'). This, once again, is based on the Sunnah of Muhammad. Following the Farewell Sermon, he sent messengers to foreign leaders including; Negus, Chosroes of Persia, and the Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius, commanding them to submit to his rulership; submit to Islam. We see the same thing happening today in the modern world (for example) in Somalia where President Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, in February 2009, after two years of fighting gave in to rebel demands to impose Islamic law on the country.

Islamic Laws:

Criminalize Personal Matters

Islamic laws criminalize:

Adultery

(However, the Islamic definition differs from the Secular understanding of the word)

Intoxicants and Recreational Games

Intoxicants such as alcohol, marijuana etc. and recreational games of chance, such as board games (including chess), card games and other forms of gambling are forbidden under Islamic law. Surprisingly, this was not always the case. Intoxicants (namely, alcohol) was permitted during the early phase of Islam. Muhammad even drank it and (rather strangely) performed ablution with it. In the Qur'an, wine is even praised and is described as being an aspect of heaven. However, what we now know as the Qur'an was allegedly revealed over a period of twenty-three years. As it stands, the Qur'an is arranged roughly from the longest surah (chapter) to the shortest. But if we read it in a chronological order, we can see the gradual shift in attitude towards intoxicants and such. Verses were 'revealed' as the situation in Muhammad's life demanded. Followers were attending prayer at the mosque while intoxicated, so Snið:Quran was revealed warning against such behavior. Later on we find Snið:Quran, which tells us that there is some good and some bad in intoxicants and games of chance. The hadith record that Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib, in a drunken state, mutilated two camels, chopping of their humps and taking out their livers. When rebuked by Muhammad, he insulted him to his face, saying "Aren't you but the slaves of my father?" Taking this into consideration, there is little wonder Muhammad then banned the consumption of intoxicants. Even going so far as to refer to alcohol (something which is found in heaven) and games of chance as "Satan's handwork" in Snið:Cite quran. Commenting on chess, he said "He who played chess is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine." After this revelation, Muhammad ordered beatings and flogging for anyone who broke these laws. Repeat offenders were ordered by him to be put to death. Later, Umar ( the second 'rightly guided' Caliph) would order eighty stripes as the mildest punishment.

In modern times, these laws still stand. There are out-right bans or severe restrictions put on the sale, purchase, and drinking of alcohol by adults in many Islamic majority countries, including: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Malaysia, The Maldives, Morocco, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, and The United Arab Emirates. Punishments vary according to country, but many are consistent with the Sunnah of Muhammad. They range from weeks to months of imprisonment, public flogging, and (in the case of Iran) the death penalty. This prohabition, in many cases, does not exclude the non-Muslim. For example; in June 2009, Catholic chef Sapon D Costa was jailed in Dhaka, Bangladesh, for possession of alcohol.

Apostasy (rejection of Islam)

In Islam, the rejection in part (i.e. apostasy via blasphemy in belief) of any of the individual pillars or principles of Islam, or discarding the faith as a whole, amounts to apostasy. Under Islamic law, it is a crime punishable by death. This punishment was prescribed by Muhammad himself who had said "Whoever changed his Islamic religion, then kill him." Apostasy was one of only three reasons given by him where killing a Muslim is permitted. His wishes were followed by Caliph Abu Bakr, who had many apostates killed during the lengthy “Riddah (apostasy) wars” for their refusal to pay tithe. These people were not rejecting Islam as a whole but only refusing to abide by one of its five pillars (Zakat). This also attests to the fact apostasy was a serious crime within early Islam and was not some later innovation. In fact, it was one Qur’anic verse (the verse of the sword - Qur'an 9:5) which prompted Abu Bakr to fight. Various hadith record Muhammad's command being followed by his companions, with atheists, Christians, and Jews being put to death for leaving Islam.

All four schools of Islamic jurisprudence are in agreement with the death sentence for males (who are of sound mind) guilty of Apostasy, with only slight variations on whether to allow the three days grace period. The Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence believe female apostates are not to be killed, but beaten and put under confinement until death or repentance, while the remaining Shafi'i, Maliki, and Hanbali schools all agree the verdict for the female apostate is the same as for the male.

Free Speech/Blasphemy

It is a criminal offense in Islam to speak ill of the faith, its Prophet Muhammad, and its holy Scriptures (Qur'an and Hadith). To do so is considered blasphemy, and blasphemy is punishable by death. If it happens to be a Muslim who is doing the criticizing, their actions would constitute apostasy, therefore they too would be liable for the death penalty. Contrary to what some may suggest, this is not the result of a latter-day innovation of Islam, but something that is deeply rooted within Islamic scripture and the Sunnah of Muhammad. The Qur'anic verse 5:33 calls for the murder, mutilation, or imprisonment, of those who make "Mischief" in the land, and Muhammad himself had asked his Muslim followers to kill several individuals who were guilty of blaspheming Islam and its Prophet. Muhammad asked Muslims to kill someone named 'Abdullah bin Ubai (bin Salul) for making "evil" statements about him. He asked Muslims to kill Abu `Afak for making negative remarks about him and Islam. He asked Muslims to kill both Ka’b bin Ashraf and Asma Bint Marwan for writing inflammatory poetry about him and Muslims. Additionally, when Muhammad learned that one of his followers had stabbed and killed his slave women (other sources refer to her as a freed concubine: Umm walad, she was also the mother of a blind man) for making derogatory remarks about Muhammad, he declared that "no retaliation is payable for her blood." This has effectively set the precedent for all Muslims to follow with such retaliation. No higher authority than ones-self is needed for permission to kill blasphemers. It seems rather odd that sites like Wikipedia, when discussing the history of free speech in Islam, tend to neglect these historical incidents and focus on other issues such as the supposed Islamic 'Golden Age' under the reign of `Umar ibn al-Khattab (the second Caliph). Surely the state of free speech under the reign of the prophet himself is worthy of mention, as this is what ultimately formulates Islamic law? Nevertheless, if we actually study the state of freedom under Caliph Umar, we see another side to this, and this is apparent in: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab's restrictions on expression and speech: Snið:Quote

In the modern-world, hash punishments for blasphemy (including death) are still applied in many Islamic nations including; Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan. Accusations of blasphemy are becoming more and more frequent in the East, and almost always lead to mob-violence (sometimes by thousands of Muslims) against non-Muslim minorities. For example, this was seen in the August 2009 riots against Christians in Gojra, over an alleged desecration of a Qur'an. Many Christian men, women and even children were burnt alive. In addition to this, Bibles were burnt and more than a hundred churches and Christian-owned homes were looted and destroyed. While there are numerous examples of individuals being sentenced by Islamic courts to death or imprisonment for blasphemy, they are rarely publicised by Western media outlets. Of course, there are a few exceptions when the blasphemer in question happens to be a Westerner. We've all heard of the Jyllands-Posten Danish cartoons and the resulting uproar. For no apparent reason (other than deeply rooted Muslim prejudice) these cartoons, once again, sparked violence and murder against the minority Christians in the East. By the end of February 2006 more than 40 people had died as a result of the angry reaction from Muslims, and its continued republication has resulted in more than 200 deaths and hundreds of injuries. We also have the November 2007 "Muhammad Teddy bear" blasphemy case, which led to a protest in Khartoum, Sudan. A protest where ten thousand Muslims carrying swords, knives, and sticks, after Friday prayers, called for the execution of a British teacher for allowing her students to name a teddy bear 'Muhammad.' And also the "Satanic Verses" controversy, which led to thirty-eight deaths and nationwide bombings of book-stores in the U.K and U.S.

Homosexuality

Homosexuality under Islamic law, is a punishable crime. How it is dealt with differs between the four mainline schools of Sunni jurisprudence today, but what they all agree upon is that homosexuality is worthy of a severe penalty. In the Hanafi school of thought, the homosexual is first punished through harsh beating, and if he/she repeats the act, the death penalty is to be applied. As for the Shafi`i school of thought, the homosexual receives the same punishment as adultery (if he/she is married) or fornication (if not married). This means, that if the homosexual is married, he/she is stoned to death, while if single, he/she is whipped 100 times. Hence, the Shafi`i compares the punishment applied in the case of homosexuality with that of adultery and fornication, while the Hanafi differentiates between the two acts because in homosexuality, anal sex [something that is prohibited, regardless of orientation] may also be involved, while in adultery [and fornication], the penis/vagina (which are reproductive parts) are involved. Some scholars [based on the Qur'an and various ahadith] hold the opinion that the homosexual should be thrown from a high building or stoned to death as a punishment for their 'crime', but other scholars maintain that they should be imprisoned until death. Another view is that between two males, the active partner is to be lashed a hundred times if he is unmarried, and killed if he is married; whereas the passive partner is to be killed regardless of his marital status. Within the context of Islamic thought, hostility towards homosexuality originated from the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muhammad had stated, “If you find anyone doing as Lot's people did, kill the one who does it, and the one to whom it is done.” He even went so far as to condemn the “appearance” of homosexuality, when he cursed effeminate men and masculine women and ordered his followers to "Turn them out of your houses." This ruling on homosexuals was naturally adopted by his later successors. The father of Aisha and Muhammad’s first successor, Abu Bakr, had a homosexual burned at the stake. The fourth caliph, Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali, ordered homosexuals to be stoned, and even had one thrown from the minaret of a mosque.

Exact figures are hard to determine, due to the political turmoil in many of the Islamic states, but homosexual relationships, acts or behaviour are currently forbidden in approximately thirty-six Islamic countries including Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Morocco, Sharia areas of Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Yemen, with punishments including anything from a fine up to life imprisonment. Worse still, ten of those countries out of the thirty-six impose the death penalty for homosexuals. They are Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi-Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and some states in Malaysia. According to the Iranian gay and lesbian rights group Homan, the Iranian government alone has put to death an estimated 4,000 homosexuals since the Islamic revolution of 1979. In the secular nation of Turkey, a country which is often held-up as a poster-child for moderate Islam, persecution and violence against homosexuals [along with non-Muslim minorities] is on the rise, with eleven gays being killed within the first half of 2009 .

Lack of hijab/un-Islamic dress

In 2007, Iranian "morals" police arrested 230 in a raid on a "satanist" rave.

In 2010, Golam Minhaz, an inspector with Detective Branch of Bangladesh Police at Rangpur district [northern part of Bangladesh] detained 19 women in various areas in the city for 'not wearing veils'.

Also in 2010, Shiria Khatun, progressive Brit-Muslim woman councillor, was forced to dress more conservatively after receiving death threats and sexually harassing phone calls. She told the police that callers threatened to kill her and her four young children, and in one call, they warned they would dig up parents' graves and bury her there instead.

Mingling of un-related men and women

In 2010, a Saudi woman who filed harassment claims in Saudi Arabia without being accompanied by a male relative was sentenced to 300 lashes and 18 months in jail. Sawsan Salim lodged a series of complaints in 2007 at government offices and in court in the northern region of Qasim in which she alleged harassment by local officials, the New York-based rights group, Human Rights Watch, said. She was sentenced in January on charges of making “spurious complaints” against government officials and appearing “without a male guardian,” the group said in an e-mailed statement.

Also in 2010, Hamas banned men in Gaza from working in women's hair salons because Islamic tradition forbids women from showing their hair to men who are not their husbands or blood relatives.

Music and Art

Music, and some other forms of art (including Tattooing), under Islamic law are forbidden. Western music and movies In particular, have been declared as corruptive influences by Islamic clerics. The vast majority of Islamic scholars and all four schools of Islamic jurisprudence are in agreement that listening to, or playing musical instruments, and singing is forbidden. They form this opinion from both the Qur'an and Hadith. The only exception to this rule which can be extracted from the hadith is the permissibility of singing acapella accompanied by a duff (a hand-held one-sided drum) on special occasions (i.e. on weddings, Eid, during jihad etc.) This form of song is referred to as a Nasheed (نشيد), and the striking of the duff is permitted for women only and must not be done in the presense of men. There are several verses within the Qur'an which have been understood by highly respected early scholars and historians of Islam to be condemning music and singing. For example; in verse 31:6, according to the Tafseer of Ibn Kathir, "idle talks" is a reference to "singing and musical instruments." While the Qur'anic verses on music and its prohibition may appear vague to non-scholars, the hadith are a lot clearer in regards to this issue. Authentic sources record Muhammad as saying "From among my followers there will be some people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks and the use of musical instruments, as lawful..." and upon hearing music, Abu Bakr proclaimed "Musical instrument of Satan!" The mere fact that Muhammad condemned music in the same breath as other non-Islamic activities, such as illegal sexual intercourse and drinking alcohol, spoke volumes and the companions (including the four Caliphs) understood. As Abu Bakr rightly stated, unless performed under the various restrictions outlined in Muhammad's Sunnah, music in Islam is considered of the devil.

The Islamic prohibition on images is well known by Muslims, hence the lack of imagery in Islamic religious art. Multiple authentic sources record Muhammad's thoughts on images and representations of living beings (whether real or mythical in nature), and in several he states passionately "The people who will receive the severest punishment from Allah will be the picture makers." In another he says "All the painters who make pictures would be in the fire of Hell. The soul will be breathed in every picture prepared by him and it shall punish him in the Hell." Muhammad refused to enter any home which was decorated with images, and claimed angels would do the same with any home which contained pictures or dogs He once refused to enter the home of one of his wives (Aisha) when he noticed the decorated cushion she had purchased for him to sit on. In Aisha's own words "I noticed the signs of hatred (for that) on his face!" She turned to Allah and Muhammad for repentance. On another occasion, Muhammad angrily tore to pieces a carpet, hung by Aisha to screen a door.

During the Taliban rule of Afghanistan between 1996 and late 2001, all forms of music and Television (i.e. moving pictures) were banned. TV sets, radios, etc were confiscated and burnt, and anyone caught with cassettes in their possession were jailed. In early 2001, they destroyed the historic 1,400 year old giant (175 and 120 feet tall) Buddha Statues which were located in the Bamyan Valley's. While their actions may be called 'extreme', they were only adhering to a somewhat accurate interpretation of Islamic law based on the Sunnah of their prophet. Just as Muhammad had done before them, when he conquered Mecca and destroyed the 360 pagan idols which were housed at the Ka'aba, the Taliban were only destroying Afghanistan's offensive (to Muslims) pre-Islamic 'pagan' heritage and art. If the Taliban's actions are denounced by apologists as 'un-Islamic', then they must also denounce Muhammad's. The truth of the matter is that their actions were very Islamic.

Legalize Crimes

Islamic law permits:

Domestic violence against women

While domestic violence against women is a serious problem all around the world, none are more vulnerable than the women of Islam. Islamic societies, more often than not, simply refuse to acknowledge such issues as problems. To them its simply the Islamic way of life. This is due to domestic violence against women being permitted under Islamic law. It is explicitly endorsed by the Qur'an itself. In a 2004 sermon broadcast on Qatar TV, a Muslim cleric had said the following:

The verse being referred to is 4:34. According to this verse, a man may not only beat his wives for 'rebellion,' but also beat them simply for the fear of 'rebellion.' Whilst there are a few restrictions in regards to the practice of wife-beating (try to avoid the face, breaking bones, and do not sleep with them after beating them), they hardly offer comfort to a women who is abused with the blessings of her own god. The mere fact that the husband is allowed to physically abuse his wives (very often with impunity from the law) inevitably leads many to go beyond simply 'beating' them.

Wife beating has been an accepted part of Islam since its inception. In Aisha's own words "I have not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women. Look! Her skin is greener than her clothes!" The indifference to her words displayed by Muhammad proved its legitimacy within the laws of Islam. Muhammad declared "A man will not be asked as to why he beat his wife." Moreover, he not only allowed Abu Bakr to beat his own child-bride Aisha, but he also beat her himself, and according to Aisha it was not something 'symbolic' or a 'gentle tap' on the body; it was painful.

The effects can be easily seen in the Islamic world. A 2009 survey carried out by the United Nations Development Fund for Women found that nearly 90% of Afghan women suffer from domestic abuse. According to the director of Women for Afghan Women (WAW) "Their mothers are beaten by their fathers. They're beaten by their fathers, by their brothers. It's a way of life." The Pakistan Medical Association found in a 2006 study, that 80% of Pakistani women reported being subjected to some kind of abuse within marriage, and the Progressive Women's Association (PWA) believe up to 4,000 Pakistani women are burnt each year by husbands or in-laws as 'punishment'. And also in 2006, the Refugee Workers Association Woman’s Group (GIK-DER) found that up to 80% of Turkish women were victims of domestic violence and sexual harassment in 'moderate' Turkey.

Gender disparity

Gender equality is not only an alien concept within Islamic societies, but also completely contrary to Islamic beliefs. This much is proven simply by the Qur'anic law which allows men to marry up to four wives at a time. However, gender disparity within Islam goes a lot further, and we see this reflected in modern Islamic laws. For example; in the Islamic Republic of Iran, some women's rights activists have criticised the laws governing women. They say women face difficulties in "getting a divorce and criticize inheritance laws they say are unjust and the fact their court testimony is worth half that of a man's", and they also "cannot run for president or become judges." Many female activists have been flogged and given hash jail sentences, numbering several years, for protesting such laws. In mid 2007 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, responded to these allegations of discrimination, with the following:

He also indicated that "some Islamic rules regarding women could change if jurisprudence research led to a new understanding." Unfortunately, this is were reformers in Islamic societies hit a brick wall. As we had mentioned earlier, Islamic jurisprudence can be revised, but as it is extracted from, and cannot contradict, Shari'a (which consists of Allah's divine laws found within the Qur'an and Hadith), the results will always be unacceptable to our modern standards. What activists are indirectly trying to reform is not Iranian laws, but Islam itself, as each of these women's rights violations are sanctioned by Islamic scripture.

Many inheritance laws are taken straight from the Qur'an. For example, according to Snið:Quran, a male inherits twice that of a female. Its the same concerning the worth of a women's testimony in court; we find this law in Snið:Quran. Muhammad himself had been recorded by authentic Islamic sources explaining the necessity for such gender disparity within Islamic law, calling women deficient in intelligence:

He further explain that women are not only deficient in intelligence, but also in religion, and that this has resulted in most of the dwellers of hell being women. In June 2007, Saudi Cleric Abd Al-Aziz Al-Fawzan, in a poor attempt to counter criticism aimed at these sayings of Muhammad, had said these ahadith highlight the 'fact' that women's twisted nature stems from their very creation. These statements, by both Muhammad and Abd Al-Aziz Al-Fawzan, reflect the Islamic belief that Allah made Eve menstruate, suffer pregnancy and become stupid as a punishment for her transgressions in the garden, therefore all women menstruate (deficient in religion) and are created stupid (deficient in intelligence). Those same authentic sources also record Muhammad condemning women in high social positions (i.e. presidents, judges etc), declaring "Never will succeed such a nation that makes a woman their ruler."

Lying

Islamic law allows, encourages, and even demands lying by its followers. Lying for Islam is generally (but inaccurately) referred to as taqiyya. Many Muslims will claim that this is not an Islamic, but a Shi'ite practice. However, this is not true. There are many verses in the Qur'an which condone lying and deception, and several classical and contemporary Sunni scholars have validated its place within main-stream Islam. In the inquisition miḥna during the Caliphate of al-Ma’mun, a number of Sunni scholars used taqiyya, attesting to the Qur’an as having been created despite believing the opposite. Given these facts, some will go on to attack the strict definition of taqiyya and claim that it is “only allowed to save one's own life” or that its "restricted to its use in war". This is where the critics use of the term "taqiyya" is wrong. Lying outside of trying to save one's life or a war is certainly permitted in Islam, but it is not referred to as taqiyya. It is more accurate to simply call it "lying for Islam". In sahih (authentic) hadith, Muhammad admits to being a liar and advises its acceptable for Muslims to do likewise, allowing his followers to use deception to silence critics. One of the 99 "holy names" of the Islamic deity is Al-Makir (the Deceiver), and in the Qur'an Allah refers to himself as the 'best deceiver', and admits to deceiving Muslims and creating Christianity through deception. With all things considered, the fact remains that Islamic teachings as a whole encourage dishonesty and even elevates it to a holy status.

Pedophilia

Following a precedent set by Muhammad, pedophilia is permitted under Islamic law. This practice is sanctioned by both the Qur'an and the Hadith. In the Qur'an we find this in verse 65:4. This verse deals with the Iddat (العدة‎), which is a waiting period a female must observe before she can remarry. The stipulated waiting period for a divorced girl who has not yet menstruated is three months. The meaning of this verse has been clarified by numerous tafsir's (authoritative Qur'anic commentaries) and many sahih hadith. Muhammad himself has been recorded by authentic Islamic sources explaining the meaning of this verse as "those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty." While some (but definitely not all) Western apologists may attempt to deny this sanction of pedophilia within their holy text, they hold no sway with Muslims in how Islam is practised; it is the Islamic texts themselves which hold the power, and Islamic scholars in the modern era still agree that marrying and having sex with pre-pubescent girls is permitted. For example; the influential Muslim scholar and thinker Syed Abul A'ala Maududi (1903 - 1979) commented on verse 65:4 and those who attempt to deny scripture:

As has already been mentioned, Muhammad committed pedophilia, and even according to the most stringent clinical definition of pedophilia - the DSM-IV-TR, he was a pedophile. His actions fulfilled all three requirements needed for a positive diagnosis; he had sexual urges/relations towards/with a pre-pubescent child (generally age 13 years or younger) over a period of at least six months, he acted on those sexual urges, and he was over 16 years-old and at least 5 years older than the child involved. Muhammad was engaged to Aisha bint Abu Bakr when she was only six years of age and he was fifty-one, and consummated the relationship while she was still pre-pubescent, aged just 9 years old (at the very least, she remained pre-pubescent until aged fifteen). Many people assume that to be diagnosed as a pedophile there needs to be a pattern of conduct, but (as is clear from the DSM criteria) this is not the case, and even if it were; Aisha's abuse is only known to us due to her being a wife to Muhammad. Who's to know how many children suffered at the hands of Muhammad's perversion? Others will claim that it was the 'cultural norm' and Aisha was 'offered' in marriage by her father. This is false. It was Muhammad who approached Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr originally protested. However, even if she was offered to Muhammad, this does not alter the fact that as the 'uswa hasana' his actions are forever considered lawful and morally acceptable in Islam. Muhammad even justified his perversion with a 'divine' vision from Allah, something which also destroys the apologists appeal to cultural relativism; according to Muhammad, the marriage was due to the will of Allah, and not the culture.

Because of its many endorsements within Islam, pedophilic marriages are common practice in many Islamic countries, and Islamic authorities are left powerless:

In the East, girls far below the age of puberty are forcibly married to older persons (sometimes in their 50s and later) for various personal gains by the girls' guardian. Pedophilic Islamic marriages are most prevalent in Pakistan and Afghanistan, followed by other countries in the middle east and Bangladesh. This practice may also be prevalent to a lesser extent amongst other Muslim communities, and is worryingly on the rise among the growing Muslim populations in many Western countries, such as the United Kingdom (where, according to 2009 government figures in the UK, forced teen marriages have seen a ten-fold rise in just four years) and the United States.

Slavery

Under Islamic laws, slavery is explicitly permitted. As Saudi Sheikh Saleh Al-Fawzan, a member of the Senior Council of Clerics had said in 2003, those who argue that slavery is abolished are "ignorant, not scholars. They are merely writers. Whoever says such things is an infidel." Muhammad himself was a slaver. He not only owned many male and female slaves, but he also sold, captured, and had sex with his slaves. Even his wives owned slaves. Apologists will claim that Muhammad provided a system that would eventually lead to the abolition of slavery, but this is not true and nowhere does Islamic scripture support such a statement. Yes, Muhammad regulated it and allowed for the manumission of a slave, but this is by no means an obligation. It is clear that Muhammad held no animosity towards slavery, and at times even discouraged the freeing of slaves. He even encouraged racism by exchanging two black slaves for one Arab. As is clear, Muhammad's actions perpetuated the existence of this reprehensible trade by institutionalising it within Islam, This sanction of slavery has helped the Muslim world create one of the largest trans-continental slave trades in history. The Eastern Islamic slave trade is the longest yet least discussed of the two major trades. Much like the Crusades and the Islamic Conquests which prompted them, you only hear of the one and not the other. Many people are not even aware that the Arab slave trade ever existed, even though it began around 650 AD (pre-dating the European slave trade by over a thousand years). However, It was only officially abolished (due largely to pressure from the West, rather than their own conscience) in the 1960's and the slave trade still exists in the Islamic East. As of July 2009, there were over half a million slaves in Mauritania alone. In Pakistan, the labor minister of Punjab had said in early 2009 that there are "millions of forced laborers in 'private prisons' across the country", and the town of Hajja, Yemen, in 2010 is home to another 300 slaves. This (just like the history of Jihad) is an ongoing atrocity that many want to erase from our history books and have largely succeeded in doing so. Unlike the Europeans who were primarily interested in male slaves for use as agricultural workers, the Islamic raiders interests (like Muhammad's before them) lay in female slaves to use for sexual exploitation as concubines, in harems. Also, putting aside the 1.25 million white Europeans Christians who were captured and sold into the Muslim slave trade between the 16th and 19th century, the number of innocent Africans who were taken (or died in the process of being taken) as slaves over the last fourteen centuries of Islamic slavery is estimated to be higher than 140 million. This figure dwarfs the numbers that were taken at the hands of Europeans. And unlike in the West, male slaves (blacks in particular) were commonly castrated, hence the lack of surviving descendants of black slaves in the Middle-East.

Terrorism

Main Article: Jihad See also: Misconceptions about Jihad and Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad

Mandate Dangerous or Harmful Rituals

Islamic Fasting

Main Articles: Adverse Effects of Islamic Fasting and The Ramadan Pole Paradox

Fasting (صوم Sawm) for thirty days every year during the Islamic month of Ramadan is the fourth Pillar of Islam, therefore it is compulsory (الفرض Fard). Fasting lasts from dawn till dusk, and Muslims must abstain from all foods, drinks, sexual intercourse, and even smoking. Contrary to popular Muslim beliefs, Islamic fasting (unlike medical fasting) has numerous adverse effects that have been observed using scientific studies and news sources. These include; the increase in irritability and crimes, effects on Health, such as the increased risk of diabetes, dehydration, tachycardia, severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and circulatory collapse. It can also cause problems with sleep, daytime drowsiness and alertness. Naturally, all of these factors affect the economy in Muslim majority countries during Ramadan. For example; the productivity of Arab businesses in this period drops by a staggering seventy-eight percent. Also, as the length of a fast is governed by the rising and the setting of the sun, this can cause a huge problem for those who live close to the North or South poles. The closer we get to the poles, the longer our days or nights become. They can eventually extend for up to several months each, making the fourth Pillar of Islam impossible to practice without starving yourself to death. Islamic scholars have said that even if a fast lasts for up to twenty hour a day, this is something a Muslim must accept. Obviously Muhammad was unaware of the poles. Persecution of non-Muslims also rises during the month of Ramadan, with people of other faiths often being attacked in Muslim majority countries for eating or drinking in public. August 2009, In Pakistan, two Christians were arrested and jailed for "desecrating Ramadan" by eating during daylight hours inside a Hotel.

The Hajj

The Hajj (حج) is another obligatory duty, being the fifth Pillar of Islam. It is a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, which, like the Ka'aba, the black stone, and many other aspects of Islam, is pagan in origin. The pilgrimage takes place on the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, from the 7th to the 13th day of Dhu al-Hijjah.

Performing the Hajj is a physically exerting exercise, and many of the weaker pilgrims have died from it. Furthermore, Since 1987, officially there has been at least 3,315 deaths and another 1,500 injuries resulting from various accidents during the pilgrimage. These figures are extremely conservative, considering (for example) the 1994 stampede in Mecca. Officially only 250 people had died as a result of the stampede, and according to The Saudi Press Agency a total of 829 pilgrims had died during the pilgrimage for a variety of reasons, which included "old age, heart attacks" and "deaths that resulted because of the heavy throngs throwing pebbles on Monday." However witnesses, doctors and a senior Asian diplomat had said the death toll for the stampede alone could have been over 1,000.

Punishments Under Islamic Law

The various methods of punishment under Sharia law, for what it deems as crimes, are extracted from both the Qur'an and the Hadith. These punishments are prescribed by Islamic scripture, so they constitute a fundamental part of the Islamic faith. Therefore they cannot, and still have not, been discarded from the practice of Islam.

Amputation

Amputation, is the removal of part or all of a body part enclosed by skin. It is a prescribed punishment in the Qur'an, and within the context of Islamic law, it refers to the removal of the hands or feet. Today, amputation is used as punishment for theft in Saudi Arabia and Nigeria, which reintroduced shariah law in 1999, and in Somalia, a court run by an extremist Islamic group sentenced four Somali men in June of 2009 to each have a hand and a leg cut off for allegedly stealing mobile phones and guns. In 2008, the Islamic Republic of Iran saw five double amputations in a single week--five convicted robbers were each sentenced to have their right hands and left feet amputated. When the Taliban, an Islamic militant group, took over Afghanistan in 1996, within a year, public executions, amputations and stonings were a regular Friday event in Kabul.

Stoning

Stoning to death (رجم Rajm), according to traditional interpretations of Islamic law, is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include homosexual relationships). The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders." The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury." Astonishingly, due to the Islamic laws on rape requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with 'adultery.' As was the case for a 13-year-old girl in Somalia who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Incidents of stonings have been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanise, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law. The Qur'an itself does not explicitely mention the act, but there are several Sahih (authentic) Hadith which speak of Muhammad ordering people to be stoned to death. According to hadith, the Qur'anic verses of stoning were written on a piece of paper and were lost when a goat ate the paper.

Crucifixion

Crucifixion (صلبه Salb) typically refers to the inhumane and painful method of execution and/or torture by tying and/or nailing someone to a cross, stake or tree. It can also refer to the method of public display of a body after execution, such as the incident in Saudi Arabia when a convicted killer was beheaded and his body was "crucified." Despite the fact that Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, abolished crucifixion in the Roman Empire in ad 337, out of veneration for Jesus Christ, the most famous victim of crucifixion, Muhammad perpetuated this barbaric practice by declaring it a prescribed punishment in the Qur'an. Seems that Allah cannot think of a better punishment than the Romans did. Crucifixion as a method of torture and execution is reportedly still being used in Sudan and Iraq, both Islamic countries, and it is still a part of Iran's criminal code. Adding itself to the ranks of shariah-practicing leaderships, Hamas, the Islamic governing body of Gaza, reinstated the penalty of crucifixion in 2008.

Downloads

• [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Sharia Law for the Non Muslim] - PDF - A free 52 page eBook by Bill Warner

External Links

• One law for all - No sharia Campaign
• Allah's Law (Sharia) in the West: "Euro-Islam" between Tolerance and Violence - Dr. Hans-Peter Raddatz M.A., European Orient Institute (i.f.)
• Shariah Finance Watch - Exposing the Risks of Shariah Finance

Australia

• Muslim leader wants elements of sharia in Australia - Paul Bibby - The Sydney Morning Herald, March 8, 2010

Canada

• Ontario premier rejects Shariah law - Rob Gillies - USA TODAY, September 11, 2005

• Rise of Sharia in Canada sparks protests - Sam Knight - Times Online, September 9, 2005

Indonesia

• Indonesia: Prominent cleric says sharia highest law - AKI/Jakarta Post - adnkronosinternational, March 26, 2010
• Adultery in Aceh: The latest sign of creeping Shariah. - Sadanand Dhume - The Wall Street Journal - September 15, 2009
• Indonesia province OKs stoning for adulterers - MSNBC, September 14, 2009
• Indonesian radicals step up calls for Islamic Law - Amy Chew - CNN, January 17, 2002

Iran

• Iran: SKSW/WLUML Statement on planned stoning to death of young mother in East Azerbaijan Province - SKSW/WLUML - Women Living Under Muslim Laws, June 18, 2010

Kenya

• Push for Islamic Courts in Kenya Alarms Christians - Simba Tian, Compass Direct News - The Christian Post, February 12, 2010

• Kenyan Christians and Muslims clash over courts in constitutional review - Ecumenical News International - Ekklesia, August 16, 2009
• Christians Oppose Muslim Push for Sharia in Kenya - International Christian Concern - AINA, August 7, 2009

Malaysia

• Malaysia Court Canes Three Women - James Hookway - The Wall Street Journal, February 17, 2010

Nigeria

• Islamic court in Nigeria bans Twitter for debating on amputation - ANI - Yahoo! News, March 25, 2010
• In Nigeria, Sharia Fails to Deliver - Karin Brulliard - The Washington Post, August 12, 2009

Russia

• Muslim revival brings polygamy, camels to Chechnya - Amie Ferris-Rotman - Reuters, December 16, 2009

Somalia

• Somali Woman Stoned to Death After Being Convicted of Adultery - Hamsa Omar - Bloomberg, November 18, 2009
• Christian in Somalia Who Refused to Wear Veil is Killed - Compass Direct News, October 27, 2009
• Somali girl 'pleaded for mercy' before Islamists stoned her to death for being raped - David Williams - Daily Mail, November 5, 2008

Sudan

• Police arrest models after fashion show - Reuters, June 28, 2010
• Knee-length skirt gets girl 50 lashes - Reuters - The Times of India, November 28, 2009

United Kingdom

• Muslims rally for Sharia law in UK, prompting nationalist protests - RT - June 23, 2010
• KFC diner told 'you can't have bacon in your burger here - we're now halal' - Katherine Faulkner - The Daily Mail, March 25, 2010
• Muslim gangs imposing sharia law in British prisons - Andrew Gilligan - The Telegraph, March 15, 2010
• Fears over non-Muslim's use of Islamic law to resolve disputes - Afua Hirsch - guardian.co.uk, March 14, 2010
• Sharia law sneaked into Labour Budget - Kirsty Buchanan - Daily Express, December 13, 2009
• Sharia law tribunal is proposed - BBC News, December 10, 2009
• Anjem Choudary on March for Sharia in London -YouTube Video: March to take place on October 31, 2009.
• Non-Muslims turning to Sharia courts to resolve civil disputes - Fiona Hamilton - The Times Online, July 21, 2009
• Revealed: UK’s first official sharia courts - Abul Taher - The Sunday Times, September 14, 2008
• Q&A: Sharia law explained - Dominic Casciani - BBC News, July 4, 2008
• Archbishop of Canterbury argues for Islamic law in Britain - Ruth Gledhill and Philip Webster - The Times Online, February 8, 2008

• Archbishop denies asking for Islamic law - MSNBC, February 8, 2008

• Islamic finance: From niche to mainstream - Darshan Bijur - BBC News, March 23, 2007
• Sharia law is spreading as authority wanes - Joshua Rozenberg - The Telegraph, November 29, 2006
• The end of one law for all? - Innes Bowen - BBC News, November 28, 2006

United States

• Sharia law, courts likely on 2010 ballot - Mark Schlachtenhaufen - The Edmond Sun, June 4, 2010
• Loan caters to Minneapolis Muslim business owners - Katherine Lymn - The Minnesota Daily, March 24, 2010
• Burqa Barbie- Fox News video: Is Barbie setting women back or celebrating culture? November 22, 2009
• Totally Trashed' - Fox News video: Detroit photographer roughed up by members of Islamic group, October 29, 2009
• Obama advisor says Sharia Law is misunderstood - Andrew Gilligan and Alex Spillius - The Telegraph, October 8, 2009
• Fairfax approves expansion of Islamic academy - William C. Flock - The Washington Examiner, August 4, 2009

• Group Fights Expansion of Islamic School - Fox News, July 15, 2009
• Coalition Fights Expansion of Islamic Saudi Academy in Virginia -Fox News, July 13, 2009
• Muslim Rent-A-Mob Intimidates Virginia Planning Commission Over Saudi-Funded Islamic School - Jeffrey Imm - PipeLineNews.org, March 23, 2009

• Shari'a Law - Fox News video: Strict set of Muslim precepts is finding its way into American everyday life, March 30, 2009
• Islamic Law's Influence in America a Growing Concern - David Lewkowict - Fox News, March 29, 2009
• AIG Bailout Promotes Shariah Law, Lawsuit Claims Monday - Fox News, December 22, 2008
• U.S. Interest in Shariah Finance Opens Dangerous Doors, Critics Say - Fox News, November 13, 2008
• When God and the Law Don't Square - Adam Liptak - The New York Times, February 17, 2008

West Bank

• Christian fashion show angers Muslims - Irish Sun, June 28, 2010

Tenglar

• https://counterjihadreport.com/2014/05/25/what-is-shariah-and-what-are-its-sources/
• http://www.answering-islam.org/NonMuslims/index.htm
• http://www.answering-islam.org/Women/index.html
• http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2005/08/top_ten_reasons_why_sharia_is.html

"A'isha reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who innovates things in our affairs for which there is no valid (reason) (commits sin) and these are to be rejected." - Snið:Muslim

"Narrated Aisha: Allah's Apostle said, "If somebody innovates something which is not in harmony with the principles of our religion, that thing is rejected." - Snið:Bukhari

Khalid Baig - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Sunnah and Bid'ah] - Albalagh, May 5, 2001

[[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Concept of Bidah in Islam] - Alahazrat International Islamic Web

David G. Littman - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Human Rights and Human Wrongs] - National Review, January 19, 2003

Articles 24 and 25 of the [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam]

[[[:Snið:Reference archive]] The Cairo Declaration and the Universality of Human Rights] - International Humanist and Ethical Union, May 28, 2008

Comparison of Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - ReligionFacts

'Religion loves tolerance, but is not tolerant'. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Hürriyet Daily News, November 17, 2009

Martyn Brown - Now Muslims demand full Sharia law. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Daily Express, October 15, 2009

Emma Wall - Ghetto Britain. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Daily Star, January 21, 2009

Christians opose Muslim push for Sharia - Persecution.org, August 7, 2009

"....I [Muhammad] invite you [Emperor Heraclius] to Islam (i.e. surrender to Allah), embrace Islam and you will be safe...." - Snið:Bukhari

Somali president bends to rebel demand for sharia law. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - CNN, February 28, 2009

"....The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) replied: "Every intoxicant is khamr, and every khamr is haram."....“Khamr is what befogs the mind.” These are the words spoken by 'Umar ibn al-Khattab from the pulpit of the Prophet (PBUH),....Drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opium, and the like are definitely included in the prohibited category of khamr. It is well known that the use of such drugs affects the sensory perceptions, making what is near seem distant and what is distant seem near; that their use produces illusions and hallucinations, so that the real seems to disappear and what is imaginary appears to be real; and that drug usage in general impairs the faculty of reasoning and decision-making...." - [Alcohol and Intoxicants in Islam] - Muslim Bridges

"....the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever plays games of dice has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger."...." - Snið:Muwatta, See also Snið:Muwatta

"....Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He who played chess is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine...." - Snið:Muslim, See also Snið:Muwatta

"....The messenger (Peace Be Upon him) asked:”Have you fermented it, even with one piece of ferment?” He (Gaber) said "yes" and he (Muhammad) drank....He answered that he had wine in a pot. Mohammed said: Pour me some to do ablution and he did...." - Sahih Muslim - Hadith #3753

"....and gardens of vines and fields sown with corn, and palm trees.... Behold, verily in these things there are signs for those who understand!...." - Snið:Quran

"....[in the Garden which the righteous are promised are] rivers of wine, a joy to those who drink; and rivers of honey pure and clear....." - Snið:Quran

Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths, Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers,

"....the humps of my two she-camels cut off and their flanks cut open and some portion of their livers was taken out. When I saw that state of my two she-camels, I could not help weeping. I asked, "Who has done this?" The people replied, "Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....Hamza looked at Allah's Apostle and then he raised his eyes, looking at his knees, then he raised up his eyes looking at his umbilicus, and again he raised up his eyes look in at his face. Hamza then said, "Aren't you but the slaves of my father?" Allah's Apostle realized that he was drunk, so Allah's Apostle retreated...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) gave a beating with palm branches and shoes [for drinking wine],...." - Snið:Muslim

"....Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him). He gave him forty stripes with two lashes....." - Snið:Muslim

"....The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: If he is intoxicated, flog him; again if he is intoxicated, flog him; again if he is intoxicated, flog him if he does it again a fourth time, kill him...." - Snið:Abudawud

"....Thereupon Abd al-Rahman b. Auf said: My opinion is that you fix it as the mildest punishment. Then 'Umar inflicted eighty stripes....." - Snið:Muslim

Malaysian model seeks public flogging for drinking. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - The Associated Press, August 20, 2009

Prohibition

Catholic chef has a “really rough time in Dhaka’s central jail”. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Asia News, June 11, 2009

[[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Questions about Apostasy (Blasphemy)] - Al Sunna.org

"Narrated 'Ikrima: Some Zanadiqa (atheists) were brought to 'Ali and he burnt them. The news of this event, reached Ibn 'Abbas who said, "If I had been in his place, I would not have burnt them, as Allah's Apostle forbade it, saying, 'Do not punish anybody with Allah's punishment (fire).' I would have killed them according to the statement of Allah's Apostle, 'Whoever changed his Islamic religion, then kill him.'"" - Snið:Bukhari

"Narrated 'Abdullah: Allah's Apostle said, "The blood of a Muslim who confesses that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am His Apostle, cannot be shed except in three cases: In Qisas for murder, a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse and the one who reverts from Islam (apostate) and leaves the Muslims."" - Snið:Bukhari

"Ali was informed about a group of Christians who had become Muslims and then became Christians again. Ali arrested them, summoned them before himself and enquired about the truth of the matter. They said: "We were Christians. Then we were offered the choice of remaining Christians or becoming Muslims. We chose Islam. But now it is our opinion that no religion is more excellent than our first religion. Therefore we have become Christians now." Hearing this, Ali ordered these people to be executed and their children enslaved." - Quoted from "The Punishment of the Apostate According to Islamic Law. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.", by Abul Ala Maududi

"Mu'adh asked, "Who is this (man)?" Abu Muisa said, "He was a Jew and became a Muslim and then reverted back to Judaism." Then Abu Muisa requested Mu'adh to sit down but Mu'adh said, "I will not sit down till he has been killed. This is the judgment of Allah and His Apostle (for such cases) and repeated it thrice. Then Abu Musa ordered that the man be killed, and he was killed. Abu Musa added, "Then we discussed the night prayers and one of us said, 'I pray and sleep, and I hope that Allah will reward me for my sleep as well as for my prayers." - Snið:Bukhari

For further details, see: Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy

Silas - The Punishment for Apostasy from Islam/ Jurisprudence - E. Agreement of the Leading Mujtahids (Jurists). Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Answering Islam

'Abdurrahmani'l-Djaziri - The Penalties for Apostasy in Islam According to the Four Schools of Islamic Law. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - "The Case of the Female Apostate" (Pg. 19)

"....So, on that day, Allah's Apostle got up on the pulpit and complained about 'Abdullah bin Ubai (bin Salul) before his companions, saying, 'O you Muslims! Who will relieve me from that man who has hurt me with his evil statement about my family? By Allah, I know nothing except good about my family and they have blamed a man about whom I know nothing except good and he used never to enter my home except with me.' Sad bin Mu'adh the brother of Banu 'Abd Al-Ashhal got up and said, 'O Allah's Apostle! I will relieve you from him...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....The apostle said, "Who will deal with this rascal [Abu `Afak] for me?" Whereupon Salim b. Umayr, brother of B. Amr b. Auf, one of the "weepers", went forth and killed him....." - "Sirat Rasul Allah" by Ibn Ishaq page 675

"....Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Who would kill Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf as has harmed Allah and His Apostle? Muhammad bin Maslama (got up and) said, ‘I will kill him.’...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....When the apostle heard what she had said he said, "Who will rid me of Marwan's daughter [Asma Bint Marwan]?" `Umayr b. `Adiy al-Khatmi who was with him heard him, and that very night he went to her house and killed her....." - "Sirat Rasul Allah" by Ibn Ishaq page 675, 676

"....So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her. Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood....." - Snið:Abudawud

Eight Christians burned alive in Punjab. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Asia News, August 2, 2009

Muslims burn 75 Christian homes and 2 churches in Punjab. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Asia News, August 1, 2009

50 More Homes Burned in Gojra - Jubilee Campaign, August 5, 2009

"Murder of priest 'religious revenge'". Independent Online. 2006-02-08

JOURNALISM FOR INTEGRATION - THE MUHAMMAD CARTOONS. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Encyclopedia Britannica

Yale Removes Cartoons of Prophet Muhammad From Forthcoming Book, Citing Fears of Violence. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Fox News, September 08, 2009

Teddy teacher: Lawyer expects her to be pardoned after visit from British Muslim peers. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Mail Online, December 01, 2007

Jailed teddy row teacher appeals for tolerance. Archived from the original on 2012-08-01. Retrieved on 2012-08-01. - Allegra Stratton - Guardian, November 30, 2007

Calls in Sudan for Execution of British Teacher. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - The New York Times, November 30, 2007

Armed Mob Wants British Teacher Dead. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Sam Gale Rosen - Newser, November 30, 2007

Calls in Sudan for execution of Briton - Mohamed Osman - Associated Press, November 30, 2007

Khartoum demo calls for teacher to be shot - Charles Onians - Agence France Press, 30 November 2007

Dr. Koenraad Elst - Afterword: The Rushdie Affair's Legacy. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved on 2012-07-10.

Pipes, (1990) p.169-171

Riverdale Press To Be Honored. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - New York Times - Tuesday, May 9, 1989

”So when Our punishment came upon the people of Lut, We turned the city upside down and showered them with stones of baked clay, one after another.Snið:Quran

IslamOnline.net - Death Fall as Punishment for Homosexuality

See the chapter on "hudud" in Sharaya and Sharh Lum'a also al-Khu'i, Takmilah, p. 42-44.

Snið:Abudawud

Snið:Bukhari

Islam's Love-Hate Relationship with Homosexuality - Serge Trifkovic - FrontPageMag, January 24, 2003

WikiPedia - Homosexuality laws in Muslim countries

The Iranian Letters - The New Dark Ages. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Malaysian State Legislature Passes Bill on Strict Islamic Criminal Code

homosexuals in turkey: istanbul week for gay rights

Snið:Cite news

Women detained for not wearing veil in Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Special Correspondent - Weekly Blitz, March 3, 2010

Brit-Muslim leader forced to dress conservatively after receiving threatening calls. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Asia News International - oneindia.in, March 7, 2010

Saudi Woman Gets 300 Lashes, Jail for Complaints, Group Says - Henry Meyer - BusinessWeek, March 3, 2010

Hamas Bans Men From Women's Hair Salons. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Associated Press - Fox News, March 4, 2010

Somali Men Get 40 Lashes For Watching Pornography. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Shafii Mohyaddin Abokar - Newstime Africa, December 1, 2009

"....The Prophet forbade the acceptance of the price of a dog or blood, and also forbade the profession of tattooing, getting tattooed...." - Snið:Bukhari See also Snið:Bukhari, Snið:Bukhari, and Snið:Bukhari

Snið:Cite news

Music is Haram. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - The Muslim Women

Music. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Shariffa Carlo - Islam Awakening

"....innocent singing, unaccompanied by musical instruments other than the daff(small hand drum) is permissible are specified in the Sunnah. These are: 1) Jihaad. During jihad and other struggles in the way of Allah, battle songs are of great moral and spiritual benefit to the fighters...." - Music - BEATING THE DUFF. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Islamic Articles

"....What is mustahabb (recommended) is to beat on the daff [simple hand drum] at weddings. This is mustahabb for women only, in order to announce the wedding and to distinguish it from fornication....As for men, it is not permissible for them to play any kind of musical instrument, whether at weddings or on any other occasion...." - Music - BEATING THE DUFF. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Islamic Articles

"....According to the Sunnah, females can sing and beat the duff on the two ‘Eids (specific Muslim celebrations) and to announce a Muslim wedding amongst themselves, and their voices shouldn’t be raised loud enough or near enough to be heard by the men." - Music - BEATING THE DUFF. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Islamic Articles

Ruling on music, singing and dancing - Fatwa No. 5000. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Islam Q&A

[[[:Snið:Bukhari-url-only]]v Sahih Bukhari 7:69:494v]

"....The companions unanimously agreed upon the prohibition of music and song but allowed particular exceptions specified by the authentic sunnah....Also, the four Khalifas, the fuqahaa among the saahabah such as Ibin Abaas, Ibin Umar, and Jaabir bin Abdullah as well as the general body of saahabah." - Al Qurtubi's Tafseer, vol 14, pp51-52, and Al-Aaloosi's Tafseer, Roohul Ma'aani, vol. 21, pp. 66-68)

"....We were with Masruq at the house of Yasar bin Numair. Masruq saw pictures on his terrace and said, "I heard 'Abdullah saying that he heard the Prophet saying, "'The people who will receive the severest punishment from Allah will be the picture makers."...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....I am going to narrate to you what I heard from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). I heard him say: All the painters who make pictures would be in the fire of Hell. The soul will be breathed in every picture prepared by him and it shall punish him in the Hell...." - Snið:Muslim

"....Fatimah said to Ali: Follow him [Muhammad] and see what turned him back. I (Ali) followed him and asked: What turned you back, Apostle of Allah? He replied: It is not fitting for me or for any Prophet to enter a house which is decorated...." - Snið:Abudawud

"....I came to 'A'isha and said to her: This is a news that I have received that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) had said: Angels do not enter the house in which there is a picture or a dog,...." - Snið:Muslim

"....Narrated 'Aisha (the wife of the Prophet): I bought a cushion having pictures on it. When Allah's Apostle saw it, he stopped at the gate and did not enter...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....I noticed the signs of hatred (for that) on his face! I said, "O Allah's Apostle! I turn to Allah and His Apostle in repentance! What sin have I committed?" He said, "What about this cushion?"...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....I took a carpet and screened the door with it. When he (the Holy Prophet) came back he saw that carpet and I perceived signs of disapproval on his face. He pulled it until it was torn or it was cut (into pieces)...." - Snið:Muslim

The censorship of music in Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved on 2012-06-30. - RAWA, April 24, 2001

A Profile On Bamyan Civilization - Ishaq Mohammadi

"....and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in the sleeping-places and beat them...." - Snið:Quran

"....you should give her food when you eat, clothe her when you clothe yourself, do not strike her on the face...." - Snið:Abu Dawud

"....that you should not break her bones or leave a bruise...." - al-Tabari, 5:68-69

".... The Prophet said, "None of you should flog his wife as he flogs a slave and then have sexual intercourse with her in the last part of the day."" - Snið:Bukhari

"...so when Allah's Apostle came, 'Aisha said, "I have not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women. Look! Her skin is greener than her clothes!"..." - Snið:Bukhari

"The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: A man will not be asked as to why he beat his wife." - Snið:Abu Dawud

"....Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and slapped her saying: You ask Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) which he does not possess...." - Snið:Bukhari

"...He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. He struck me on the chest which caused me pain, and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you?..." - Snið:Muslim

Afghan women hiding for their lives. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - CNN

PAKISTAN: Domestic violence endemic, but awareness slowly rising. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - The Advocates for Human Rights

http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/news/9633/PageName/English

"Don't "play" with Islamic law, Iranian women told. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.", Reuters, Jul 4, 2007

"....Isn't it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?" The women replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her religion."...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....Then he passed by the women and said, "O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of Hell-fire were you (women)." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's Apostle ?"...." - Snið:Bukhari

[Islam: Women are "deficient in intelligence" (video)] - MEMRI

"His Lord called out to him: Adam, is it from Me that you are fleeing? Adam replied: No, my Lord, but I feel shame before You. When God asked what had caused his trouble, he replied: Eve, My Lord. Whereupon God said: Now it is My obligation to make her bleed once every month, as she made this tree bleed. I also must make her stupid, although I created her intelligent (halimah), and must make her suffer pregnancy. Ibn Zayd continued: Were it not for the affliction that affected Eve, the women of this world wound not menstruate, and they would be intelligent and, when pregnant, give birth easily." - Al-Tabari 1:280

"....When the Prophet heard the news that the people of the Persia had made the daughter of Khosrau their Queen (ruler), he said, "Never will succeed such a nation as makes a woman their ruler."...." - Snið:Bukhari

"...it is permissible to lie if attaining the goal is permissible (N:i.e. when the purpose of lying is to circumvent someone who is preventing one from doing something permissible), and obligatory to lie if the goal is obligatory..." - Reliance of the Traveler, p. 746 - 8.2

"A Muslim does not have to maintain his oath (faith) as long as what's in his heart is true" - Snið:Quran

"Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: except by way of precaution, that ye may Guard yourselves from them. But Allah cautions you (To remember) Himself; for the final goal is to Allah." - Snið:Quran

"Any one who, after accepting faith in Allah, utters Unbelief,- except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith - but such as open their breast to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful Penalty." - Snið:Quran

"(unless you indeed fear a danger from them) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly. For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them. Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurre ction. Allah said," - The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers - Tafsir Ibn Kathir

"Let not the believers take the disbelievers as patrons, rather than, that is, instead of, the believers — for whoever does that, that is, [whoever] takes them as patrons, does not belong to, the religion of, God in anyway — unless you protect yourselves against them, as a safeguard (tuqātan, ‘as a safeguard’, is the verbal noun from taqiyyatan), that is to say, [unless] you fear something, in which case you may show patronage to them through words, but not in your hearts: this was before the hegemony of Islam and [the dispensation] applies to any individual residing in a land with no say in it." - Tafsir al-Jalalayn - Tafsir Al-Suyuti

Virani, Shafique. The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation (New York: Oxford University Press), 2007, p.48.

"Abu Musa al-Ash'ari reported: I came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) along with a group of Ash'arites requesting to give us a mount. He (the Holy Prophet) said: By Allah, I cannot provide you with a mount, and there is nothing with me which I should give you as a ride. He (the narrator) said: We stayed there as long as Allah willed. Then there were brought to him (to the Holy Prophet) camels. He (the Holy Prophet) then ordered to give us three white humped camels, We started and said (or some of us said to the others): Allah will not bless us. We came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) begging him to provide us with riding camels. He swore that he could not provide us with a mount, but later on he provided us with that. They (some of the Prophet's Companions) came and informed him about this (rankling of theirs), whereupon he said: It was not I who provided you with a mount, but Allah has provided you with that. So far as I am concerned, by Allah, if He so wills, I would not swear, but if, later on, I would see better than it, I (would break the vow) and expiate it and do that which is better." - Snið:Muslim

"Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin Samura: The Prophet said, "O 'Abdur-Rahman! Do not seek to be a ruler, for if you are given authority on your demand then you will be held responsible for it, but if you are given it without asking (for it), then you will be helped (by Allah) in it. If you ever take an oath to do something and later on you find that something else is better, then you should expiate your oath and do what is better." - Snið:Bukhari

Muhammad permitted a Muslim to “say what he likes” i.e. to lie in order to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a Jewish poet who wrote an anti-Muslim poem which offended him. This is a clear case of Lying endorsed by the prophet in order to achieve the objectives of Islam, therefore Muslims are permitted to lie and kill in defense of Muhammad, his character and Islam. Snið:Bukhari, and Snið:Bukhari

Harun Yahya includes Al-Makir in his listing of Allah's 99 names (Names of Allah/ No. 16 (Al-Makir)). He in this instance mistranslates it to mean "Planner", but more correctly translates the same word in the same verse elsewhere on his site (The School of Yusuf - Harun Yahya). Lane's Lexicon for Makr and the Hans Wehr dictionary both confirm the meaning of the term to be "Deceiver".

Qur'an 3:54: "And they cheated/deceived and God cheated/deceived, and God (is) the best (of) the cheaters/deceivers." - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] 3. Ali-Imran - The Family Of 'Imran (سورة آل عمران) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011

Qur'an 7:99: "Did they secure God's scheme/deceit ? So no(one) trusts God's scheme/deceit except the nation the losers." - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] 7. Al-A'raf - The Heights (سورة الأعراف) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011

Qur'an 8:30: "And when those who disbelieved deceive/scheme at you to affix/affirm you, or kill you, or bring you out, and they scheme/deceive , and God deceives/schemes and God (is) best (of) the deceivers/schemers." - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] 8. Al-Anfal - Spoils Of War (سورة الأنفال) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011

Qur'an 10:21: "And if We made the people taste/experience mercy from after calamity/disastrous distress touched them, then for them (is) cheatery/deceit/schemes in Our verses/evidences . Say: "God (is) quicker/faster (in) cunning/scheming , that Our messengers write what you cheat/ deceive/scheme." - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] 10. Yunus - Jonah (سورة يونس) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011

Qur'an 13:42: "And those from before them had cheated/deceived/schemed, so to God (is) all the cheatery/deceit/scheme. He knows what every self gains/acquires , and the disbelievers will know to whom (is) the house's/home's end/turn (result)." - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] 13. Ar-Ra'd - The Thunder (سورة الرعد) - Revealed in Makkah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed August 25, 2011

"When Allah showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many you would certainly have become weak-hearted and you would have disputed about the matter, but Allah saved (you); surely He is the Knower of what is in the breasts. And when He showed them to you, when you met, as few in your eyes and He made you to appear little in their eyes, in order that Allah might bring about a matter which was to be done, and to Allah are all affairs returned." - Snið:Cite quran

"And their saying: Surely we have killed the Messiah, Isa son of Marium, the messenger of Allah; and they did not kill him nor did they crucify him, but it appeared to them so (like Isa) and most surely those who differ therein are only in a doubt about it; they have no knowledge respecting it, but only follow a conjecture, and they killed him not for sure." - Snið:Cite quran

"and those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty, which indicates that giving her into marriage before puberty is permissible." - Hadith in Arabic from Al-Islam.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

"....the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....Dr Muhsin Khan in the official text published in Islamic University - Al-Medina Al-Munauwara, Saudi Arabia says in two related ahadith that Aisha had not reached puberty when she was 15 years old...." - Pedophilia Revisited

"....The Prophet asked Abu Bakr for 'Aisha's hand in marriage. Abu Bakr said "But I am your brother."...." - Snið:Bukhari

"....You were shown to me twice (in my dream) before I married you. I saw an angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said to him, 'Uncover (her),' and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), 'If this is from Allah, then it must happen....." - Snið:Bukhari

America Magazine: Child Marriage in Afghanistan and Pakistan, by Andrew Bushell; March 11, 2002. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Americans For UNFPA: Virtual Slavery: The Practice of “Compensation Marriages” by Net Community of AfUNFPA; last retrieved Monday, 08 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Ten-fold rise in forced marriages in just four years. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - The Daily Mail July 2, 2009

Christine Vendel - Man charged with statutory rape in ‘marriage’ to 14-year-old girl - The Kansas City Star, November 8, 2009

"....I married a virgin woman in her veil. When I entered upon her, I found her pregnant. (I mentioned this to the Prophet). The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: She will get the dower, for you made her vagina lawful for you. The child will be your slave...." - Snið:Abudawud

Shaikh Salih al-Fawzan's "affirmation of slavery" was found on page 24 of "Taming a Neo-Qutubite Fanatic Part 1" when accessed on February 17, 2007 http://www.salafipublications.com/sps/downloads/pdf/GRV07000

Slavery in Islam: Chapter 5. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Answering Islam

"Zad al-Ma'ad" by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Part 1, Pages 114-116

"Zad al-Ma'ad" by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Part 1, Pages 114-116

"....Waqidi has informed us that Abu Bakr has narrated that the messenger of Allah (PBUH) had sexual intercourse with Mariyyah [his Coptic slave] in the house of Hafsah...." - Tabaqat v. 8 p. 223 Publisher Entesharat-e Farhang va Andisheh Tehran 1382 solar h ( 2003) Translator Dr. Mohammad Mahdavi Damghan

"....Allah's Apostle sent someone to a woman telling her to "Order her slave, carpenter, to prepare a wooden pulpit for him to sit on."...." - Snið:Bukhari

"...."Do you know, O Allah's Apostle, that I [Maimuna bint Al-Harith] have manumitted my slave-girl?" He said, "Have you really?" She replied in the affirmative. He said, "You would have got more reward if you had given her (i.e. the slave-girl) to one of your maternal uncles." - Snið:Bukhari

"....Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Sell him to me. And he bought him for two black slaves,...." - Snið:Muslim

Brunschvig. 'Abd; Encyclopedia of Islam

Nick Meo - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Half a million African slaves are at the heart of Mauritania's presidential election] - Telegraph, July 12, 2009

E. Benjamin Skinner - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] Pakistan's Forgotten Plight: Modern-Day Slavery] - TIME, October 27, 2009

Jamal al-Jaberi - [[[:Snið:Reference archive]] 'Slaves' in impoverished Yemen still dream of freedom] - AFP, July 20, 2010

Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean; the Barbary Coast and Italy 1500 - 1800, by Robert Davis, Palgrave MacMillan, 2004

[[[:Snið:Reference archive]] The Scourge of Slavery] - Christian Action, 2004 Vol 4

Islam's Black Slaves, by Ronald Segal, Farrar, New York, 2001

Fasting and Tafsir of Ma’ariful Qur’an. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved on 2012-09-04. - Haq Islam

Psychosomatic Medicine 2000 Mar-Apr 62:2 280-5 (pdf)

Productivity and Self-Discipline in Ramadan. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Ramadan saw rise in violent domestic crimes - Daily News, Egypt

4 Gold Shop Robbers Killed, 2 Caught During Police Raids Across the City. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Ramadan Crime. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Ramadan: Productivity of Arab Businesses Drops by 78%

El-Hazmi, Al-Faleh, & Al-Mofleh, 1987; Kayikcioglu et al., 1999; Ramadan et al., 1999; Schmahl & Metzler, 1991; Sweileh et al., 1992

Polish Journal of Occupational Medince 1991 4:3 219-28

Ahmed BAHAMMAM/Sleep Disorders Center, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Therapie 54:567-72

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2000 44:101-7

"....Survey carried out by Cairòs Institute of Social Sciences of the Arab World which was printed by 'Leaders', a Tunisian website...." - (ANSAmed)

"Indeed, the fasts may be twenty hours long, but this is something one will have to adhere to." in extreme latitudes - Sunnipath.com Q&A

Christians Arrested for Eating During Muslim Holiday - ICC

At Least 250 Muslims Die in Mecca Stampede. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - NY Times, May 25, 1994

Definition of Amputation. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Medicine Net

Kingdom’s Leading Executioner Says: ‘I Lead a Normal Life’ - Mahmoud Ahmad, Arab News - June 5, 2003. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Nigerian Islamic court orders amputation - Mail & Guardian Online - September 19, 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Islamic Extremists Sentence 4 Somalis to Amputations - Associated Press, FoxNews.com - June 22, 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Somali Islamists Amputate Teenagers` Hands, Legs - JAVNO, June 25, 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Spate of Executions and Amputations in Iran - Nazila Fathi, The New York Times - January 11, 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-09-09. Retrieved on 2012-09-09.

Flashback: When the Taleban took Kabul - Terence White, former AFP correspondent in Kabul - BBC News - October 15, 2001. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved on 2012-07-13.

What happens in Stoning?. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - apostatesofislam.com

Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004

Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved on 2012-07-12. - BBC News, November 4, 2008

Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15. - stop-stoning.org

References: Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal. vol. 6. page 269; Sunan Ibn Majah, page 626; Ibn Qutbah, Tawil Mukhtalafi 'l-Hadith (Cairo: Maktaba al-Kulliyat al-Azhariyya. 1966) page 310; As-Suyuti, ad-Durru 'l-Manthur, vol. 2. page 13

Convicted killer beheaded, put on display in Saudi Arabia - CNN - May 30, 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

"crucifixion" - Encyclopædia Britannica Online - 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved on 2012-07-29.

Sudanese slave 'crucified' by his master not unusual in central African nation - Michael Ireland (Chief Correspondent, ASSIST News Service) - November 9, 2004
7 Christians mutilated & Crucified During a Series of Raids on Villages - Simon Caldwell (The Catholic Herald) - 25 September 2009

Christians in Iraq, including converts from Islam and people involved in mixed-faith marriages, are being crucified by Muslim terrorists, according to a Dutch member of Parliament studying the war-torn country (WorldNetDaily.com) July 17, 2007. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

"Case Study in Iranian Criminal System" - Ehsan Zar Rokh, University of Tehran - 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-15.

Hamas Reinstates Crucifixions of Christians - Nicole Jansezian - January 9, 2009